Awning type window structure



Aug. '30, 1960 H. L STAVENAU 2,950,509

AWNING TYPE WINDOW STRUCTURE Filed Jan. 22, 1957 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 #42010A fTflVE/VAU Aug. 30, 1960 H. L. STAVENAU 2,950,509

AWNING TYPE WINDOW STRUCTURE Filed Jan. 22, 1957 2 Sheets-Sheet 2Patented Aug. 30, 1960 AQG TYFE WlNDOW STRUCTURE Harold L. Stavenau,Mankato, Minn, assignor to Truth Tool Company, Mankato, Minn, acorporation Filed Jan. 22, 1957, Ser. No. 635,474

9 Claims. (Cl. 20-42) This invention relates to hardware for windows orthe like closures of the awning type which have gained wide popularityin modern houses. Windows of this kind are sometimes called canopywindows but the word awning will, for uniformity be used herein. Thehinging of awning type windows may be accomplished by means of a hingewhich is fastened to the top horizontal member of the window sash and tothe contiguous window frame, but the preferred hinge structure, morecommonly used is sliding hardware structure which allows the window notonly to swing about a horizontal axis, but at the same time the tophorizontal member of the window is moved downwardly as it is opened, soas to provide an opening at the top of the window for ventilation. Suchmotion of the window may be designated as a swinging-sliding motion andsuch terminology will be used herein to describe such characteristicmovement of the window. The present invention is addressed to theproblem of providing hardware for accomplishing the aforementionedopening and closing movement.

in the opening movement the window sash swings out at the bottom and isdrawn down at the top. During the first few inches of outward swingingmovement of the bottom of the window sash there is only a very slightdownward movement of the top of the window but the rate of movement ofthe top of the window in a downward direction increases gradually as thelower portion of the window is swung farther and farther outwardly.Stated another way, for each increment of arcuate movement outwardly ofthe window the increment of movement of the top of the window sashdownwardly is very small during the first part of the window openingmovement and gradually increases as the window sash gains a greater andgreater degree of opening. The converse is true during closing. in suchopening and closing movement, it is desirable to have the windowfrictionally retained in any position to which it isadjusted, from fullyclosed to fully opened position. When the window is moved only a slightdistance in the opening direction the top of the window is accordinglydrawn down only a small amount but the leverage imposing such movementupon the top of the window is very powerful. Many times the user of thewindow will desire to leave the window in such slightly openedcondition. Again in many instances the window may be opened to amidposition somewhere between fully closed and fully opened or to thefully opened position and desire to leave the window in such position.

The force for opening and closing the window may be provided by a windowoperator of which various types are available, or the window may beopened and closed by a simple pull attached to the lower part of thewindow sash. A window opener suitable for providing the opening andclosing movement is illustrated in copending application Ser. No.520,555 filed July 7, 1955, now Patent No. 2,775,446, issued December25, 1956.

In order to hold the window in any position of adjustment it isdesirable to introduce friction in the window hardware or in theoperator mechanism or both and it is desirable that the degree offrictional resistance to movement should be suificient to maintain theposition of adjustment of the window for all conditions of usethroughout its useful life, but should not require excessive force formanipulating the window and it is desirable that the friction should becapable of adjustment during use and then stay adjusted for long periodsof use.

It is an object of the present invention to provide im proved hardwarefor a window or the like closure of the awning type. It is a furtherobject of the invention to provide improved hardware for the window orthe like closure of the awning type which provides a controlled amountof frictional resistance to movement of the window at various positionsof opening of the window. It is another object of the invention toprovide hardware for a window or the like closure of the awning typewherein the frictional resistance to movement of said hardware and thewindow is varied at controlled rate from the closed to the open positionof the window. It is another object of the invention to provide hardwarefor a window or the like closure of the awning type wherein thefrictional resistance to movement of the hardware and hence of thewindow itself is adjustable so as to provide for variations infrictional resistance to suit the needs of service throughout the lifeof the mechanism and to permit the user of the window to make neededadjustments easily and capably, during the life of the window. It isanother object of the invention to provide improved hardware of theaforesaid type providing an improved construction wherein frictionalresistance of the structure is capable, due to the materials used, ofbeing maintained with relatively little change throughout long periodsof service during its useful life.

Other and further objects of the invention are those inherent in theapparatus herein illustrated, described and claimed.

The invention is illustrated with reference to the drawings in which:

Figure l is a vertical elevational view of a window or closure of theawning type as viewed from the inside of the building, the window beingof the type which swings outwardly. Figure 2 is a vertical sectionalview taken along the line and in the direction of arrows 2-2 of Figure 1showing the window in a partially opened condition and in an extremeopened condition as during servicing. Figures 3A and 3B are relatedhorizontal sectional views through the window, as shown in closedposition, and of the contiguous side frame members in which the windowis mounted. Figure 3A is a sectional view taken at an upper portion ofthe window as at the level of line 3A--3A of Figure 6 whereas Figure 3Bis taken farther down on the window as at the level of line 3B-3B ofFigure 6. It will be understood however, that in Figure 6 the hardwareis shown removed from the window and window frame and the referencelines 3A3A and 3B3B are merely to show the level at which the sectionsof Figure 3A and 3B are taken when the hardware is installed in properposition in the window sash and frame. Figure 4 is an enlarged verticalsectional view of the window and frame and hardware taken along the lineand in the direction of arrows 44 of Figure 1.

Figures 5 and 6, as well as 7 through 10 are related views showing thehardware removed from the window and window frame. The hardware isidentical for the right and left side of the windows and one hardwarestructure may be used in either position. In Figure 5 the hardwarestructure is viewed as in the direction of arrows 55 of Figure 3A. InFigure 6 the hardware is viewed as in the direction of arrows 66 ofFigure 3A. Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10 are enlarged fragmentary sectionalviews, Figure 7 being a vertical section taken along the used todesignate the same parts.

. line in the direction of arrows 7-7 of Figure 5. Figures 8, 9 and arehorizontal sectional views taken, respecclaims, the following disclosuresetting forth in detail illustrative embodiments ofthe invention, thesebeing indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which jthe principals of the invention may be employed.

, Referring to the drawings Figure 1 and 2 illustrate a cloth and it isupon this washer that the lower apertured end 24A of the link 24'isadapted to pivot, being held by rivet 39. Then on the inside surface ofthe lower end of the link (toward the sash 10) there is provided anotherwasher 29 which is of a plastic such as nylon or polyvinyl plastic. Theentire assembly is held together by a large headed rivet 30 which issolidly riveted over at fitlA on the underside of the plate 26. Theriveting slightly corn- 7 presses the washer 29 and the washer 28 andthe metal portion of the link is accordingly captured between suchwashers which therefore control the amount of friction exerted by theplate and rivet uponthe link 24. I have discovered that. this mode ofconstruction maintains the typical modern awning type window of whichthe window sash is generally designated 16; The sash is mounted in a.window frame generally designated 12. The window sash is composed of atop member 19A, a bottom member 198 and side members 19C and 1GB. In thesash there is supported the usual glass window pane 11. The windowframe, sometimes designated a surround, is composed of a top member TZA,a" bottom member. 1125 and a side members 120 and 121); The frame 12 isprovided with a rabbeted groove 13 in its front .or outside surface SeeFigure 2. The window sash 1% seats in the rabbeted groove 33, and isusually provided with Weatherstripping all around against which thewindow sash seats. A fly screen is normally seated in the groove 14, onthe inside of the window. The window is supported or.hun by a pair ofhardware structures generally designated 20, which re the subject of theinstant invention. The window is customarily'manipulated from open toclose position and vice versa'by a window operator mechanism of whichthere amount'of frictional resistance to swinging movement of the link24 to a close degree throughout the life of the hinge mechanism. 7 V

In the preferred form of the invention, ineach of the grooves 10A and NFof the side members'of the window there are seated frame bars 25 whichare suitably apertured to receive countersunk screws 32 which enter intothe side members 10D and 10C respectively of the window sash. In theframe bar there are provided a plurality of apertures 33, 338 and 33L,These apertures are provided for varying sizes of windows for whichthehardware is manufactured and only one of them is used at a time. Thusthe link 24 is shown in Figure 4 as being pivotallyattached by the pivotat 33 which is the middle and a similar and usually smaller rabbetedgroove 314- on r 7 its back or inside surface.

is herein illustrated the mechanism generally designated 21, which perse forms no part of the present invention. 'A mechanism of such type isillustrated in application Ser. No. 529,555 filed July 7, 1955, butequivalent mechanisms for manipulating the window or a handle on theinside of the window, may be utilized if so desired.

The hardware 29 by which the window is hung is positioned in a recessformed by complementary grooves rabbeted in the side members 12C and1213 of the window sash and side members MC and 19B of the window frame.Thus referring to Figures 3A and 3B'in the member 12D of the windowframe there is rabbeted a small groove 12E.

and in the adjacent side frame membr lllD of the window there isprovided a corresponding groove 10E. These grooves extend in a verticaldirection sufii'ciently to receive their intended hardware parts, butneed not extend member' at each side of the frame there is positioned aplate 26 which is fastened by screws 27-27. The plate is raised at thecenter portion 26A (see Figures 6 and 10) so as to present a pivotsurface at the surface 28-28,

see Figure 6. The line 2828 is positioned at a distance T fromthe bottomof the groove 12E in the side frame member equivalent tothe totalthickness of the track 22. in this way the link 24 is held in a positionso that it will 7 always clear track 22. On the plate 26 there ispivotally attached the lowerend of the link 24, the pivotal connectionbeing shown in Figure 10.. Thus upon the surface it of raised. portion26A there is provided a washer 31 of "non-metfllic material such asphenolic plastic impregnated aperture and this is for a medium sizewindow. If the window is small, the pivotal attachment is made at 338whereas for a large window the pivotal attachment is made at33L. Formanufacturing convenience it is preferable to use only one frame barwhich can thus be used for a fuil range of window sizes. In addition atthe upper end of'the window there is provided a pivot 34 and for convenience this is also a part of the frame bar. If desired pivots 33 and34 can be on separable attachments, but for convenience it is desirableto use only one attachment which here is bar 25. r

The construction of the pivotal connection at point 33, between the link24 and the frame bar 25 is shown in Figure 9 wherein it will be observedthat the pivot is formed by a rivet 33A the heads of which arecountersunk into each of the members Ziand 25. Between these members atthe pivot there is provided a friction control washer 35 which ispreferably cut from a plastic same as at 31'. The rivet 33A is rivetedso that its heads are flush, or substantially flush, with the exposedsurfaces of the members 24. and 25 and in such position holds thesemembers together with the friction control washer 35 between them.

One of the tracks 22 is seated in each of the grooves 12E and'lZF inside members 12D and 12B of the window frame with the uppertend of thetrack member being abutted against the upper member 12A of the window atline 22B. The track members are fastened in place by screws '3636, whichare. countersunk and drawn down tightly into the material of which theside frames of the window frame is composed. At the lower end of each ofthe tracks 22 there is provided a screw with a raised head at '37 whichserves as a stop against which the sliders g'enerally designated 40 hitwhen the a window is moved'to its fully open position for servicing asshowntin dotted lines inFigure 2. Stop ..screw 37 keeps the slider 40from coming down out of track 20 once the assembly is completed. Thescrews 36 in each of the tracks are placed and drawn down tightly intothe side frame members 12D and 12C and serves with the stop screws 37 tosecure the track 22. 7

According to this invention the track. 22 has a crosssection as shown inFigures 3A, 3B and 810 and is shaped that while the slider generallydesignated 40 is permitted 'to slide up and down inthe track the slideris not permitted to pull out'of thetrack. A variety of complementarytrack and slider shapes will accomplish these p poses. One convenientmanufacturing shape for accomplishing these purposes is a channel shapedmember in which the flanges of the channel are bent towards each otheras illustrated. However it is to be understood that it is within thepurview of the invention to provide track members 22 of differentcross-sectional shapes, the criteria being that the shape of the track22 and the shape of the slider 4% should be interlocking andcomplementary and with the result that the slider 40 may move or slidealong the track but should not pull away from or out of the track whenthe two are assembled together. The slider is assembled initially bymovement into the open end of the track and where attached to the frameof the window as shown, the slider is prevented by window frame member12C from sliding out of the top of the track and is prevented fromsliding out of the bottom of the track by the high headed screw 37, seeFigures 2 and 4. Once the slider is in the track it should not becapable of movement away from the track but should be free (withinfrictional limits) to move along the track. The form or shape for theslider 49 and the track 22 herein illustrated accomplish these purposessatisfactorily.

It is one of the features of this invention that the combined action ofthe track 22 and the slider 49 provide. a closely controlled andregulatable amount of frictional resistance to movement of the sliderthroughout the range of movement of the sash from closed to openposition and vice versa. According to this invention the track iscomposed so that it imposes upon the slider a maximum frictionalresistance to movement of the slider along the track when the slider isin a position corresponding to the closed position of the window andthat such resistance to movement is gradually decreased to a minimumfrictional resistance to movement of the slider along the track, whenthe window is in a position corresponding to fully opened position. Thisis accomplished in accordance with this invention by making the track 22with a slight but definite taper from a narrowest dimension at the topto a widest dimension at the bottom as shown in Figure 11. Thus for atrack 22 which has an approximate length of 12 inches and approximatewidth of A inch for the dimension A as shown in Figure 8, the taper maybe 0.001 inch per inch of length. In the illustrated form of theinvention the track has side bearing surfaces at 22E22E and inside topbearing surfaces 22F22F for each flange which bears against thecorresponding side and upper edge surfaces of the slider 49, the sliderbeing held in the track by the bearing surfaces. These surfaces 22E22Eand 22F22F are made very smooth and the width A of the track which is aminimum at the upper end, is gradually tapered to a maximum width at itslower end. Thus Figure 8 represents the width A at an upper levelwhereas Figure 9 represents a width A plus B at a lower level, the trackbeing gradually tapered from end to end.

This slider is composed of a plastic molding preferably being made ofnylon, Teflon or similar wear resistant plastic material. The plasticmolding of the slider has an outer surface 40E40E at its opposite sideswhich ride against the corresponding surfaces 22E-22E of the track. Theslider also has an upper surface 401 -401 at each side which ridesagainst the under side of the inturn flanges of the track at thesurfaces 22F-22F. The slider has a general elevation throughout most ofits length terminating at the line 46G, as shown in Figure 7 but at oneend it is provided with a raised boss at 40A and under the boss there isprovided a recess 40H. The boss serves as a pivot boss and a rivet 42extends through an aperture in the boss and is pivotally attached at thehole 34 in the upper end of the frame bar 25 of the hinge mechanism. Therivet 42 is countersunk at 42A so as not to be exposed beyond the outersurface of frame bar 25.

The construction of the slider 4%) permits the slider to be adjusted tocontrol the amount of friction imposed by the slider upon the frame bar25. Thus at the lower end of the slider there is provided a verticalgroove 40] which extends longitudinally and centrally of the slider fromthe lower end to adjacent boss 40A. This permits the lower end of theslider to be adjusted in width. On the under surface of the slider thereis a recess extending from the line 40K to the line 40L, the recessbeing of a shape decreasing in width toward the bottom of the recess(toward the outward direction in respect to the track; as shown inFigure 8). In this recess there is positioned a pressed metal stamping50 into which the screw 51 is threaded, the head of the screw beingbroad at 51A. Under the screwhead is a thin bent washer 52 which holdsthe screw against turning and acts as a spring to control the amount ofpull of the screw 51 on the stamping 50. The downwardly and outwardlysloping sides SilA-SfiA of the stamping 50 bear against thecorrespondingly shaped inside walls of the recess in the slider and asthe screw 51 is tightened the stamping 50 will be drawn upwardly. Thiscauses the lower bifurcated end of the slider to be spread out therebyincreasing the pressure of the surfaces 49B and 40F of the slideragainst the surfaces 22B and 22F of the track. When the screw 51 isloosened the pressure is decreased. Spring washer 52 gives resiliency tothis adjustment and compensates for wear and for slight irregularities.Thus by tightening or loosening the screw 51 it is possible for the userto adjust closely the amount of pressure imposed by the lower bifurcatedends of the slider against the cooperating interior surfaces of thetrack with the result that the amount of friction of the slider againstthe track may be closely adjusted and once adjusted the action willremain for long periods suficiently constant for practical purposes.

However the amount of friction imposed by the slider on the track isvaried and greatest frictional resistance is imposed when the slider 40is in the upper end of the track 22 and this frictional resistancegradually decreases as the slider moves downwardly in the track. Thereason for this is that when the window is only slightly opened anyforce in or out on the lower portion of the window is multiplied by agreater leverage, insofar as moving the slider up and down is concerned,than when the window is opened farther. Since the window may besubjected to varying forces of wind and the like on the outside and itis desired to hold the window opening adjustment where it is, itaccordingly follows that greater frictional resistance is needed in themechanism for holding a window in a particular condition of adjustmentwhen it is near closed position than is required when the window is insome more open position. Accordingly by use of the present inventiongreater frictional force is provided by the tapered track upon theslider, when the slider is in a condition corresponding to closed windowposition than when it is in a position corresponding to an open window.

It is apparent that many modifications and variations of this inventionas hereinbefore set forth may be made without departing from the spiritand scope thereof. The specific embodiments described are given by wayof example only and the invention is limited only by the terms of theappended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. An awning type window structure comprising a window frame, a windowsash, a link pivotally connected at one end to said frame, a pivot forpivotally connecting the other end of said link to the window sash, alongitudinally tapered track mounted on the window frame, and meansslidably movably along the track for slidably connecting an end portionof the window sash to the track, said means being adjustable for varyingthe frictional resistance to movement of the means along said track,said track presenting progressively varying fric- 7 tional resistance tothe movement of said meansalong the track. it

V 2. Hardware that may be placed in a Window structure comprising anelongated link, a first pivot pivotally I connected to one end of thelink, an elongated sash bar, 7 a second pivot for pivotally connectingthe opposite end 'of the link to an intermediate portion of the sashbar,

an elongated longitudinally tapered track, a slider mounted for movementalong the track, said track being tapered to progressively vary thefrictional resistance to the movement of the slider along the length ofthe track, and a third pivot for pivotally connecting the opposite forswinging and. sliding movement in said frame, said means including anelongated link, first pivot means connecting one end of said link to thewindow frame, second pivot means for connecting the opposite end of saidlink to the window sash, a slider, third pivot means for conend ofthe'sash bar to said slider, said slider and said 8 t that divergeoutwardly from one another along the length of the track and that theslider has a pair of sides that abut the adjacent side walls of saidtrack, said slider side walls being made of resilient material. a t

6. The apparatus of claim 4'further characterized in that the trackincludes a pair of oppositely faced longitudinally extending side wallportions that diverge outwardly from one another'from the position ofthe slider on the track in a window-opened position to a" windowclosedposition. 7 e

7. The apparatustof claim 4 further characterized in that said track isin the form of a channel for embracing the slider.

8. The apparatus of claim 4 further characterized in that said track andslider are constructed'so that the slider can move along but not out ofthe track and means is providedfor adjustably varying the frictionalpressure of the slider against the track.

9. The apparatus of claim 4 further characterized in that said track ismetal and said slider is plastic and the track and slider areconstructed so that the slider is partially embraced by the track, saidslider being provided necting said slider to an end portion of the sashat a a pair of oppositely faced longitudinally tapered side Walls withmeans for varying its width for varying the frictional pressure betweenthe slider and the track.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,927,982 Howard Sept. 26, 1933 2,362,730 Soule Nov. 14, 1944 2,366,815Soule Jan. 9, 1945 2,706,839 Strand Apr. 26, 1955 2,707,809 Soule l May10, 1955 2,720,919 Ford et a1 Oct. 18, 1955 2,782,846 Bussard Feb. 26,1957 2,784,459 Anderberg et a1. Mar. 12, 1957 2,825,939 Teggelaar Mar.11, 1958

